Although the origins of the Sunni-Shiite split were violent, over the centuries Shiites and Sunnis lived peacefully together for long periods of time. Sunni life is guided by four schools of legal thought, each of which strives to develop practical applications of the Sunnah. They have different beliefs about who succeeded the prophet, Muhammad. Popular Twitch streamer Puppers dies aged 32, YouTube stops deleting false 2020 election claims. Why was there division between the different groups of Islam? Increasing conflict between the two branches pushed Shiites into Iraq, Lebanon, and Iran, where most reside today. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. "And thus they were the partisans of Ali, his cousin and son-in-law. Copyright 2006 by Vali Nasr. "It has to do with political power.". I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. And Imam has been appointed by God and must be someone to be the descendent of Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and her husband.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'diffzy_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_11',128,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0'); Imams would have been the leaders of Islam at the event of Ghadir Khumm but were prevented by other companions of Muhammad at Saqifah. Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. Sunnis and Shiites have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. In the Quran, Allah has also raised Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) and his descendants above all mankind (Quran 3:33-34; 4:54). "Shia believed that leadership should stay within the family of the prophet," notes Gregory Gause, professor of Middle East politics at the University of Vermont. Left directionless and without divine indication of succession policies, his followers tried to install a new leader on their own. Shia are also guided by the wisdom of Muhammad's descendants through his son-in-law and cousin, Ali. Whoever desires knowledge should enter the city by that gate.. Can you spot the horse rider hidden in the painting within 9 seconds? While the two sects within Islam share most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of religion, they differ on doctrine, law, ritual, and religious organizations. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats, Expanding the frontiers of interrogation research and practice, British Muslims: Demography and communities, British Muslims: Charities and organisations, Joint Decision Making in Real-World Emergencies: Recommendations for Improving the Joint Decision Model. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'diffzy_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_5',122,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');The main difference that has caused the split into different branches is due to the differences in belief, who is the successor of the Prophet Muhammad as leader of the Muslim community. The Prophet and his followers were returning from his final pilgrimage to Mecca when he asked them to stop at an oasis called Ghadir Khumm. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. They were referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah in Arabic or Sunnism in English. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Today, many conflicts in the region have strong sectarian overtones. Both follow the path of Islam. The majority, who went on to become known as the Sunnis, and today make up 80% of Muslims, backed Abu Bakr, a friend of the Prophet and father of his wife, Aisha. This group became known as the Sunni, an Arabic word meaning 'tradition'. Another difference is the interpretation of the Koran. Both refer to the branch of Islam that believes only blood relatives of the Prophet Muhammad are worthy to be religious leaders. Jessica has taught junior high history and college seminar courses. There are around 1.9 billion Muslims in the world. Hassan is believed to have been poisoned in 680 by Muawiyah, the first caliph of the Sunni Umayyad dynasty, while Hussein was killed on the battlefield by the Umayyads in 681. "There was a dispute in the community of Muslims in present-day Saudi Arabia over the question of succession," says Augustus Norton, author of Hezbollah: A Short History. The early Sunnis viewed the caliphs as having both religious and political authority. The divide between Sunnis and Shia is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. They just follow know that their religion is Islam, so they will only follow that. 570 C.E. Reunification of China in the Tang Dynasty, Alexander the Great & Hellenism | History, Beliefs & Characteristics. "Twelver Shiism is itself a kind of messianic faith," Georgetown's Brumberg says. With permission of the publisher, W.W. Norton & Co. Chronology: A History of the Shiite-Sunni Split, Profiles: Key Individuals in the Shiite-Sunni Divide, Suggested Reading: The Shiite-Sunni Conflict. By now it has been very clear that both groups are Muslims but their beliefs are a little different. It is the symbolism of Hussein's death that holds so much spiritual power for Shiites. Spot the Difference: Only 3 out of 10 people can find 3 differences between the two pictures in 9 seconds! They make up 85% of the world's Muslim Population.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'diffzy_com-box-4','ezslot_3',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-box-4-0'); Shia is the second largest branch of Muslim. "Shiites constitute 80 percent of the native population of the oil-rich Persian Gulf region," notes Yitzhak Nakash, author of The Shi'is of Iraq. And Shia Muslims can combine their prayers, to read 3 times a day. Shia Muslims are in the majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan and, according to some estimates, Yemen. Towards the end of his address, he raised Hazrat Alis hand and said, he whose mawla I am, Ali is his mawla (man kuntu mawlahu fa Aliyyun mawlahu). Sunnis are formally known as Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jamaa or the people of the Prophets way and the community. The term Sunni derives from the followers of the sunna, which are the sayings and actions of the Prophet. How many of each sect are there? Sunni Muslims believe that the Prophet did not explicitly declare a successor. The divide between Sunnis and Shia is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. The word mawla can be interpreted to mean friend, client, or master. What role has sectarianism played in recent crises? What are the Sunni jihadist groups, including Islamic State (IS), have meanwhile been targeting Shia and their places of worship in Syria and neighbouring Iraq. The Shia also strive to live according to the sunna, or example of Prophet Muhammad, as interpreted by the teachings of their hereditary Imams. With that in mind, it is perhaps not surprising that the differences between these communities are frequently blamed for tension between Muslims not just in the Middle East but elsewhere too. Instead of backing down, however, Shiites were fueled by this martyrdom and continued to oppose Sunni command. They share the Shia belief that God will not show himself on Judgment Day. The verse mentions that the family of Abraham including his son Ishmael and grandson Jacob are chosen by Allah.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'diffzy_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_12',130,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0'); Verses 3.33 and 3.34 of the Quran says:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'diffzy_com-netboard-2','ezslot_16',131,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-netboard-2-0'); "Indeed, God chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of 'Imran over the world Descendants, some of them from others. This group supported Ali ibn Abi Talib (Ali), Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, as Islam's leader. Though, Shias believe that twelve imams were appointed to succeed Prophet Muhammad. And both groups follow the five pillars of Islam, which all Muslims are obligated to fulfil. The primary ideological difference relates to questions of religious authority and the leadership of all Muslims following the death of the Prophet. Both are considered orthodox and Al-Azhar University in Cairo (the worlds oldest Muslim university and a Sunni institution) recognises both in its curriculum. Your email address will not be published. Ali is believed to be the successor, the son-in-law and cousin of Prophet Muhammad as the leader of the Muslim community. Sunni Islams believe that Mohammad intended for the Muslim community to choose a successor by consensus. Know 3 Different Ways to Check Your Intelligence, - , , WTC Final 2023 Commentators: Gavaskar, Ganguly, Hussain, Here is the Full List of Commentators, This website follows the DNPA's code of conduct, , , Dwayne Johnson Biography: Early Life, Wrestling Career, Hollywood Filmography, Net Worth, Personal Life & More, Rajasthan Board 10th Result 2023 - Declared, Rajasthan 10th Praveshika Result 2023 - Declared, Check Maharashtra SSC Result 2023 - Declared (Direct Link Activated). It got political significance after the death of caliph Uthman ibn Affan. At the time of the Umayyad Dynasty, many political movements among Shia and Kharijites fought against the state formation and conducted their battles in the name of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet. It's rooted in the word Sunnah meaning tradition. Use the citation below to add this article to your bibliography: "Difference Between Shia and Sunni." The beliefs started to contradict the thoughts of being one. There are around 1.9 billion Muslims in the world. Why is a top British morning TV show in crisis? Sunnis call the first four leaders after the Prophet the Rightly Guided Caliphs (khulafa rashidun). Abu-Bakr, the closest companion of "Prophet Muhammad", is the successor of Prophet Muhammad as the leader of the Muslim community. This difference is especially powerful when it comes to the story of the 12th Imam, known as the Hidden Imam. hide caption. The origin of the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims lies in a dispute over who should be the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad after his death in 632 AD. Conflict has pushed most Shiite Muslims into Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Bahrain and Azerbaijan. This event raised the question of who was to take over the leadership of the Muslim nation. Shia Muslims constitute the majority of the Muslim populations in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Bahrain and Azerbaijan. Here is a list of differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims: There are more Sunni Muslims than Shia Muslims; Sunni Muslims are estimated to make up around 85% of the Muslim community, whilst Shia Muslims only make up around 15%. The split stemmed from the disagreement over who succeeded Muhammad. Those who followed the Prophets closest companion (Abu Bakr) became known as Sunni (the followers of the Prophets example Sunnah). Reprinted from 'The Shia Revival' by Vali Nasr. marked the birth of Islam's founding prophet and the genesis of the faith's rich historical narrative. Meanwhile, their sense of marginalisation and oppression has led to mourning ceremonies such as ashura, in which followers flagellate themselves to commemorate Husseins death at Karbala. Likewise, the foundational alliance between Wahhabism and the rulers of Saudi Arabia has seen Shia movements marginalised there and Shia communities in Iraq have been subjected to extreme violence at the hands of the Sunni ISIS. (n.d.). Sunni leaders, called Caliphs, are elected through voting while Shiite leaders, or Imams, are direct descendants of Muhammad. The Shia Muslims believe that Prophet Mohammads cousin and son-in-law, Ali, was the rightful successor to the Mohmmad as leader of Islam. Shia Islam: Overview, History & Sunni Division | What is Shi'ism? Then, the concept of hajj is also famous all over the world. They are the majority of the Shiites in the world today. Members of both sects read the Quran, or Koran, and believe Prophet Muhammad was the messenger of Allah. There has never been a clash between the Shia and Sunni on the scale of the Thirty Years War, which saw Christian sects fight each other in 17th-century Europe with great loss of life. His sons, Hasan and Hussein, succeeded him but Hussein and his relatives were massacred in the Battle of Karbala in 680 A.D. in Iraq. According to Shia Muslims, this event Prophet Muhammad invited his relatives to a meal (known as the Feast of Dhul Asheera) during which he gave the pronouncement. Figures are sourced to Pew Research project Mapping the Global Muslim population, CRS Report for Congress Islam: Sunnis and Shiites and CIA world factbook. They form the foundation of Muslim life and consist of Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (giving), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage). The imams have taken on a spiritual significance that no clerics in Sunni Islam enjoy. Sunni vs. Shiite. Alis Birthday- They celebrate his birthday on the 13, Mawlid- Shia Muslims celebrate Muhammads Birthday on the 17. However, a small group of Muslims opposed this and stood behind the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law Ali as he held a direct bloodline. There are more than 1.5 billion Muslims and about 20% of them live in the Middle East and North Africa. "They were a Turkic dynasty, one of the leftovers of the Mongol invasions that had disrupted the Middle East for a couple of centuries. History of divide. The differences started to come out. They perform all prayers separately. The name "Sunni" is derived from the phrase "Ahl al-Sunnah", or "People of the Tradition". Both Sunnis and Shias - drawing their faith and practice from the Qur'an and the life of the Prophet Muhammad - agree on most of the fundamentals of Islam. These branches, or sub-groups of the same faith, differ in many aspects of faith practice, yet maintain core values. All Muslims agree that Muhammad Ibn Abdullah was chosen by God, or Allah, to become Islam's founding prophet. There are also large Shia communities in Afghanistan, India, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Also Read | Eid Milad-un-Nabi 2021: History, Significance, Facts, Wishes, Gazetted Holiday in India and More About Eid-e-Milad, List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Member Countries. Understanding the differences between the two most populous branches of Islam is essential for comprehending many of the geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East as well as community tensions in diasporic communities in the West. Catholics vs. Protestants in Europe and the New World, MTTC Social Studies (Elementary) (105) Prep, Humanities 201: Critical Thinking & Analysis, Introduction to Anthropology: Certificate Program, UExcel Business Ethics: Study Guide & Test Prep, Principles of Business Ethics: Certificate Program, AP Music Theory Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, WEST Middle Level Humanities (Subtests 1 & 2)(052/053): Practice & Study Guide, Library Science 101: Information Literacy, English 103: Analyzing and Interpreting Literature, Create an account to start this course today. Today, both similarities and differences can be seen in the beliefs and customs of both groups. 99% have failed! Typically, Sunnis have been described as more traditional in their practices while the Shiites' strict religious hierarchy is seen as more extreme. In addition, they recognise the ongoing leadership and strive to follow the guidance of the Imams, who are responsible for interpreting the faith, as well as improving the quality of life of those who refer to them. You are an optical illusion champion if you can find a doll among the penguins in 8 seconds! CLASHES between Islam's two big sects, the Sunni and the Shia, take place across the Muslim world. "In the 10th century," says Nasr, "the 12th Shiite Imam went into occultation. Most adherents to the Islamic religious tradition belong to the Sunni branch, making up 90% of the world's Muslims. Pilgrimage to Mecca is one of many rituals that are shared by both sects, Egypt is home to some of Sunni Islam's oldest centres of learning, The deaths of Ali, Hassan and Hussein gave rise to the Shia concept of martyrdom, The execution by Saudi Arabia of a prominent Shia cleric triggered a diplomatic crisis with Iran. Amidst violent uprisings, Ali later rose to power, only to be assassinated during his reign. Spot the Difference: Can you spot 3 differences between the couple picture in 12 seconds? But they do not align in many aspects. The main difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims is based on whether or not they . Most of the Islamic community wanted to elect a successor from among Muhammad's closest associates. The Sunnis prevailed and chose a successor to be the first caliph. There are many religions across the globe. And God is Hearing and Knowing.". The primary difference in practice comes in that Sunni Muslims mainly rely on the Sunnah, a record of the teachings and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad to guide their actions while the Shiites more heavily on their ayatollahs, whom they see as a sign of God on earth. While some believed that the successor must be chosen by consensus, others believed that only Prophets descendants must lead the new faith. They are alive on the terms of the same god, but they worship the same god differently, whether you take it from practices to the religious places they visit all are different in both branches. However, Sunni and Shia communities have a lot more in common in their beliefs and practices than they have differences. Over time, the caliphs came to be seen mainly as political rulers, while the scholars (ulama) who had knowledge of matters of faith came to be viewed as religious authorities and interpreters. Sources of tension The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims are mainly expressed through different religious practices. Though, it is also to keep one thing in mind both groups share the same core beliefs and principles of Islam. The elevated status of the Ahl al-Bayt is also supported by a well-known saying of Prophet Muhammad known as Hadith al-Thaqalayn, or the Hadith of the Two Weighty Matters. What do they believe? 03 Jun. In the Middle East, Sunnis make up 90% or more of the populations of Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. While Sufi believes in direct connection to God by adopting the state of 'Fana'. They keep their hands on their sides while praying. This is partly because the Shias, ever mindful of their minority status, retreated. But . A fresco painting from the Chehel Sotun Pavillion in Isfahan, Iran, depicts Persian warfare during the Safavid dynasty period. 2023 BBC. She has been a classroom teacher for more than 16 years and currently works at an international baccalaureate middle school located in Houston, TX. Video, Five ways to stay as healthy as the Dutch, Utah schools ban Bible for 'vulgarity and violence'. The division between Sunnis and Shi'as is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. It is also helpful in understanding tensions between communities not only in the Middle East but in the West too. "There is definitely an emerging struggle between Sunni and Shia to define not only the pattern of local politics, but also the relationship between the Islamic world and the West," says Daniel Brumberg of Georgetown University, author of Reinventing Khomeini: The Struggle for Reform in Iran. The Shia uphold that the Prophet is reported to have said, I am leaving among you two matters of great weight, the Book of Allah and my kindred, the People of my House (Ahl al-Bayt). Similar versions of this saying are found in both Shia and Sunni hadith collections, including the Musnad of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Sahih Muslim of Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. Prophet declared Ali as the heir and successor. Despite the aforementioned differences, both Shia and Sunni Muslims read Quran, believe that Prophet Mohammad was the messenger of Allah, follow the tenets of Islam such as offering salah (praying daily), practising sawm (fasting during the month of Ramadan), Hajj (annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca), zakat (giving charity to poor) and pledging themselves to their faith. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The largest branches today are the Ithnaasharis, the Ismailis, and the Zaydis. A smaller group thought that someone from his family should take up his mantle. 5 Pillars of Islam | What are the Five Pillars of Islam? They often see themselves as victims of discrimination and oppression. VideoDo Russians really hate the West? The major Shia school of jurisprudence is the Ja'fari or Imm school. Then, the religious practices, figures, traditions, and theology are all different for both Shia and Sunni. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ab1852b5a578e0fd09eb3f23fa9fa1d0" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Umayyads ruled over the Muslim world until 750 CE. These five pillars include a profession of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage. The war continued with Ali's son, Hussein, leading the Shiites. Miracles and signs followed him, manifesting to his followers his close ties with Allah. They do not have any significant religious authority. This was the geography of Shiite Islam, and it would prevail into the 20th century. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'diffzy_com-banner-1','ezslot_6',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-banner-1-0');Shia and Sunni are the two branches of Islam. Find The Mistake: Only 5% of people will be able to find the mistake in the office desk picture in 6 seconds! There were periods of conflict and periods of peace. Sunnism is the largest and most orthodox branch of Islam. He is known as the Mahdi or the Messiah. The great majority of the world's more than 1.5 billion Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. Shiite-Sunni map 'There's no one way to be autistic' Video, Five ways to stay as healthy as the Dutch. Every religion has its own beliefs, laws, and order. Shia and Sunni share the fundamental beliefs of Islam and believe in Allah. They also have different interpretations of religious beliefs and practices. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Sunni is another branch of the Muslim community. The other group that wanted the prophets descendant Ali, his cousin and son in law, to succeed him came to be known as the Shia sect. Popular Twitch streamer Puppers dies aged 32, YouTube stops deleting false 2020 election claims, Flack's mum criticises ITV over Phillip Schofield. Puzzle to Test Your IQ: Only 1 out 5 people can tell which Cat is different in the picture within 10 secs? Islamic history reveres the Prophet Muhammad as a holy man who received visions, divine visitations, and the dictation of sacred text throughout his life. But there are significant Shiite communities in Saudi Arabia and Syria, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India as well. During Ramadan, they break their fast through dates and water. "Why has there been such a long and protracted disagreement and tension between these two sects?" Ali was assassinated in 661 A.D.with a poison-laced sword in a mosque at Kufa (present-day Iraq) as the bitter power struggle between the two sects rose. The Shiite, an Islamic minority group, are known to be more extreme in their beliefs than their Sunni counterparts. They became known as the Sunnis, and nominated Muhammad's great friend, Abu Bakr, as successor. Sunnis make up the majority of the Muslim population across the world. But while Sunnis rely heavily on the practice of the Prophet and his teachings (the sunna), the Shia see their ayatollahs as reflections of God on Earth. All Muslims are guided by the Sunnah, but Sunnis stress its primacy. Five Pillars of Islam Both groups also accept the five pillars of Islam (Shahada, the declaration that There is no God but God, and Muhammad is His messenger.; Salah, prayer; Zakat, charitable giving; Sawm, fasting in the month of Ramadan; Hajj, pilgrimage to Mecca. As narrated by Abdullah, the son of Masood, where Muhammad said: "The best of the people are my generation, then those who come after them." It was followed by many people. Mongol Empire History, Expansion & Army | Who were the Mongols? Diffzy.com, 2023. Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. Some Muslims wanted to elect a new leader from the Islamic community. "He becomes the crystallizing force around which a faith takes form and takes inspiration.". It is based "on a creed that the full word and meaning of the Koran and the Prophet Muhammad's message will only be made manifest, or real and just, upon the return of the 12th Imam, this messianic figure.". Shia means "Shiatu Ali" or "the party of Ali". Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. Sunnis also perform prayers five times a day. Read the below article to find out the cause between the split and the major differences between Sunni and Shia Islam. 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That struggle is playing out now in Iraq, but it is a struggle that could spread to many Arab nations in the Middle East and to Iran, which is Persian. The Sunni branch, still most populous, holds greater power in most nations. The conflict stemming from the Sunni and Shia split continues to permeate relations between Muslim states. After the death of Prophet Mohammad in 632 A.D., a strong disagreement among the followers of Islam emerged on who should succeed Prophet Mohammad as the leader of the Islamic Community. The main ones are Sunnism and Shiism. Anger in Belgium over verdict in student's hazing death, Beijing's comedy crackdown is hitting its music scene, Tracking the rise of Russias missile strikes on Kyiv, Why Indian politicians woo the diaspora in the US, 'There's no one way to be autistic' Video'There's no one way to be autistic', Five ways to stay as healthy as the Dutch. Shia Muslims depend on the teachings of their Imams. They rely on the consensus of opinion of the scholars of the community for guidance in matters of religion. Generally where conflict has arisen this has been due to power imbalance or geopolitical conflict (such as between Iran and Saudi Arabia) than ideological difference. This tension splintered Islam's followers into two opposing groups, sparking generations of discord and turmoil. Their prayer rituals are almost identical, praying five times a day, although some Shiites will stand with their hands at their sides while Sunnis put their hands on their stomachs. asks Ray Takeyh, author of Hidden Iran: Paradox and Power in the Islamic Republic. As time went on the religious beliefs of the two groups started to diverge. . Todays Wordle 714: Hints and Clues of 3 June with Solution for Word Puzzle Game. Do Russians really hate the West? In January 2016, the execution by Saudi Arabia of a prominent Shia cleric who supported mass anti-government protests triggered a diplomatic crisis with Iran and angry demonstrations across the Middle East. The Shia also believe that the Holy Quran mentions the higher spiritual status of the Imams from the Prophets family. Why is China digging a deep hole of 10,000-m depth into the Earth's crust? Shia make up roughly 10% of all Muslims, and globally their population is estimated between 154 to 200 million, according to a 2009 report from the Pew Forum. The argument dates back to the death in 632 of Islams founder, the Prophet Muhammad. Most Shia sects place importance on the belief that the twelfth and final imam is hidden (or "in occultation") and will reappear one day to fulfil Allahs divine will. Sunni Muslims have to pray 5 times a day. Shiite groups claim to experience heavy discrimination at the hands of a Sunni majority. Today the worlds 1.6 billion Muslims all agree that Allah is the only God and Muhammad his messenger. The Iranian Revolution led to the rise of a Shia theocracy which has since supported Shias in Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain as well as supporting Hezbollah (Lebanon), Hamas (Gaza), and the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad. A schism emerged after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, and disputes arose over who. Sunni is the largest denomination, whereas Sufi is a sub-division. Sunnis believed that leadership should fall to the person who was deemed by the elite of the community to be best able to lead the community. All rights reserved. The Ithna Asharis are the largest group and believe that Muhammad's religious leadership, spiritual authority and divine guidance were passed on to 12 of his descendants, beginning with Ali, Hassan and Hussein. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. She attended the Business school at the University of Houston where she received her Bachelor's in Business Administration. Sunnis focus on following the Prophets example whereas Shia focus on the lineage of Muhammads family through a series of Imams. Math riddles with answers: Many are stumped by these tricky math riddles. The Shia affirm that the Prophet declared Hazrat Ali as his successor to lead the Muslim community on several occasions. A Shiite Muslim holds a picture of historic Shiite leader Imam Hussein during an anti-American demonstration in Baghdad, May 29, 2003. The majority eventually won out, installing Muhammad's good friend Abu Bakr as the new Caliph, or elected Islamic leader. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Why is a top British morning TV show in crisis? In early Islamic history, the Shia were a movement - literally "Shiat Ali" or the "Party of Ali". There are four major recognised schools of law (madhahib) today: Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, and Shafii. Those who believe in the Hidden Imam are known as Twelver Shiites. Shia followed Ali and they wanted him to be the successor of the Muslims, as he was from Prophet's family. After accomplishing the impossible, including the recapture of Mecca and the abolition of idol worship, Muhammad died. While the two sects within Islam share most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of religion, they differ on doctrine, law, ritual, and religious organizations. This sees Muslims declare their faith to one God (Allah) and his messenger, prayer five times daily, donate a portion of their wealth to those in need, fast during the holy month of Ramadan, and make the sacred trip to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. Sunni and Shia Muslim Differences: Shia and Sunni Muslims share much of the fundamental beliefs and practices of religion, they differ on doctrine, law, ritual, and religious organizations.. However, Sunnis are heavily populated in countries like Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Indonesia. All rights reserved. War raged through the Islamic nations, proving the conflict was far from over. The text includes a number of updates, while the audio is from the original broadcasts seven years ago. Please refer toour Copyright page for fulldetails, Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats. Although both have much in common, there are several key differences. The name Shia comes from a movement Shiat Ali, meaning the Party of Ali. In many parts of the world, Sunni and Shia have lived together peacefully and even intermarried. They mark the anniversary of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein on the Day of Ashura. Sources, such as Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal say that Ali offered his consent to the heir to the throne. Tensions have also risen during the civil wars in Iraq and Syria, the Bahraini uprising, and the formation of militant group ISIS. Why is there a divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims? To put this into perspective, there are approximately 1.6 billion Sunni Muslims, and just shy of 200 million Shia . But . They combine the midday and afternoon prayers, as well as evening and night prayers. The last caliphate ended with the fall of the Ottoman Empire post World War-I. In the name of Allah, this divinely chosen leader, now known as the Prophet Muhammad, successfully united warring Arabic nations and created a religion that would soon spread worldwide. Islam's split was cemented when Alis son Hussein was killed in 680 in Karbala (modern Iraq) by the ruling Sunni caliphs troops. They fold their hands on their chest while praying. But that appears to be giving way to a new period of spreading conflict in the Middle East between Shiites and Sunnis. And probably everyone must know who is Ali, as we have discussed above.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'diffzy_com-sky-4','ezslot_21',133,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-sky-4-0'); Let us come back to the discussion that what Shia Muslims have given to history.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'diffzy_com-sky-3','ezslot_20',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-sky-3-0'); After the death of Prophet Muhammad In 632 CE, a dispute about who should succeed the Prophet. Wife's emotional reaction as Texas dad is found a week after vanishing from home, Missing Texas dad-of-two Colby Richards found alive a week after he disappeared, Shock video shows 'fleet' of UFOs circling lake then 'vanishing in mid-air', Chilling mystery as 27 kids vanish from city in 2 weeks leaving cops baffled, 2020 THE SUN, US, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | TERMS OF USE | PRIVACY | YOUR AD CHOICES | SITEMAP, There are two major denominations of Islam - Sunni and Shiite, Muslim Friday mass prayer in Imam Mosque in Isfahan, Iran, Ramadan 2021: Muslims follow Covid rules as they pray at Mecca shrines once packed with TWO MILLION worshippers. Shia dominated governments in Iraq and Syria have committed violence against Sunni populations. Root of differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims >Earliest differences stem all the way back to the death of the prophet and the question of who should gain control after his death. The tradition in this case refers to practices based on what the Prophet Muhammad said, did, agreed to or condemned. Based on several contextual reasons, the Shia accepted it to mean master, and that Hazrat Ali was designated to assume the leadership of the Muslims after the Prophets death. By the year 1500, Persia was a seat of Sunni Islamic learning, but all that was about to change with the arrival of Azeri conquerors. Their Imams are central figures and leaders of the community in Shia belief, they are the perfect manifestation of God. VideoDo Russians really hate the West? What caused the split? Sunni believes in the concept of an afterlife, the final judgement, and they can meet God through indirect ways. Manage Settings This difference in beliefs under the same religion has created various branches or even lead to different religions. Sunnis believed that the rightful successors after the prophet Muhammad are the first four caliphs of Islam. Tehran's policy of supporting Shia militias and parties beyond its borders was matched by Sunni-ruled Gulf states, which strengthened their links to Sunni governments and movements elsewhere. There are sizable Shia communities in Kuwait, Yemen, Lebanon, Qatar, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Only eagle-eyed people can spot 3 differences between the pictures of the Japanese man within 12 seconds! Sectarian violence in Iraq and Syria has fuelled tensions in the UK, with divisions hardening in places like student societies. Only logic experts can spot 7 mistakes in the living room picture within 12 seconds! CLASHES between Islam's two big sects, the Sunni and the Shia, take place across the Muslim world. What does de-risking trade with China mean. In the 20th century, that meant a complex political dynamic involving Sunni and Shiites, Arabs and Persians, colonizers and colonized, oil, and the involvement of the superpowers. Sunni and Shia Muslims share many central beliefs, including a belief in the Oneness of Allah ( tawhid ), and that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) was the final Messenger of Allah, who received Divine revelations recorded in the Holy Qur'an. While the nations stayed united throughout Muhammad's life, his death in 632 C.E. Shia police guarding the shrine Zakr Al-Deen, 2019. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The majority, however, seem to reside in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan. Whereas, Sunnis followed Abu Bakr and they wanted him to be the successor of the Muslims, as he was the closest companion of the Prophet. Sufi can be both Sunni as well as Shia. Sunnis strive to live according to the example of the Prophet as found in medieval records of the sunna. They follow the same religious book and the same rules but perform it differently. So what exactly divides Sunni and Shia Islam, and how deep does the rift go? But the split remained and would, in the second half of the 20th century, turn out to be one of the most important factors in the upheavals that have ravaged the Middle East. There were approximately 1.8 billion Muslims globally in 2017, making up around 25 per cent of the population. The Sunni and Shiite split dates back to the Prophet Muhammad's death in 632 A.D., when differing opinions on who should succeed him sparked violent disputes. Ithna Asharis believe the so-called "awaited imam" did not die and will return at the end of time to restore justice on earth. Women walk in the courtyard of the Jamkaran mosque outside the holy city of Qom, Iran, in 2006. Sunni schools of theology Contemporary movements Holy sites Lists Islam portal v t e Part of a series on Shia Islam Beliefs and practices Days of remembrance History Branches and sects His body was left on the battlefield at Karbala. He and 72 members of his family and companions fought against a very large Arab army of the caliph. The early leaders were companions of the Prophet who became caliphs through different processes to lead the Muslim community. var cid='9959884953';var pid='ca-pub-3226261360269123';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-diffzy_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Kim Knott and Matthew Francis put a few of the key issues in context. But there is still a bit more scope for commemoration in the territory than on the mainland, Eyes in the sky serve a variety of purposes, Europe wants to reduce its exposure to, but not decouple from, the country, Published since September 1843 to take part in a severe contest between intelligence, which presses forward, and an unworthy, timid ignorance obstructing our progress.. Read about our approach to external linking. And if there is one thing that's central to Islamic teaching, it is the oneness of God.". They claimed that Ali was the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad as leader (imam) of the Muslim community following his death in 632. His sons, Hassan and Hussein, were denied what they thought was their legitimate right of accession to the caliphate. The great. By continuing to use our website, you agree to our. In fact, in countries where populations and access to power are relatively equal, they have tended to live together peacefully. And that is not the case for Sunni Muslims, who are not allowed to combine their prayers. Start you search now Diffzy is a one-stop platform for finding differences between similar terms, quantities, services, products, technologies, and objects in one place. They were overthrown after several internal rebellions, leading to the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate, the second dynasty of caliphs. Shia constitute about 10% of all Muslims, and globally their population is estimated at between 154 and 200 million. The modern-day conflict is more political than religious, focusing on power and controlling resources. succeed. "There was a dispute in the community of Muslims in . 100 lessons Overall Islam is followed all over the world. Sunnis focus on following the Prophet's example whereas Shi'a focus on the lineage of Muhammad's family through a series of Imams. In light of the current fighting in Iraq, which is along sectarian lines, NPR is republishing the series. Shia Muslims make up 15-20% of the Muslim population globally. The significance of the imams is one of the fundamental differences that separate the two branches of Islam. Sunni and Shia population distribution map. Copyright The Economist Newspaper Limited 2023. Sunni Muslims recognize and respect Ali as the fourth righteous caliph who replaced Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph. And they believed that Ali should be the successor of the Prophet, who was the closest relative of the Prophet. This led to the formation of two groups of Muslims, i.e., Shia and Sunni. Read about our approach to external linking. Seljuk Turks Significance & Historical Battles | Who were the Seljuk Turks? One of the most crucial differences between Shia and Sunni Muslims is the importance that the Shiites give to Ali, whom the Sunni do not recognize as being the prophet's rightful successor.. "Difference Between Shia and Sunni." - Definition & Examples, Crisis Prevention in Business: Steps & Examples, How to Avoid Common Business & Employment Lawsuits, Using Advertising: Advantages & Disadvantages, Backmasking of Songs: Psychology & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. War erupted when Ali became caliph, and he too was killed in fighting in the year 661 near the town of Kufa, now in present-day Iraq. They celebrate the victory of the 'Prophet' on the same day over the battle of Badr. According to Islamic tradition, God, or Allah, called Muhammad Ibn Abdullah to be the religion's founding prophet. There are people, who are not even aware of this concept. The schism emerged as the Prophet Mohammad died without a male heir and never stated who should be his successor. But they differ in doctrine, ritual, law, theology and religious organisation. Languages used by them are Arabic, Urdu, and Farsi. This means that the Imams from Prophet Muhammads descendants are among those whom Allah has raised in status. There are many notable examples of modern-day Sunni-Shiite tensions. Sunnis are the majority in over 40 countries such as Syria, Turkey, South Asia, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia and other parts of the Persian Gulf. And most religions are divided into various branches. Create your account. This event, known as the Sunni and Shia split, created the two main branches of Islam as they are known today. Similarly, the Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam share much of their religious history and integral beliefs while fervidly disagreeing on matters of religious practice. Abu Bakrs backers won out, though Ali did briefly rule as the fourth caliph, the title given to Muhammads successors. Where are they concentrated? The Shiites called their leaders imam, Ali being the first, Hussein the third. Don't miss the fun! These two groups, unable to reconcile, developed into Sunni and Shiite branches, respectively. Heres a primer on the differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims. With permission of the publisher, W.W. Norton & Co. Those who followed the Prophets cousin and son-in-law (Ali) became known as Shia (the followers of the Party of Ali Shiatu Ali). 2023. Sunni and Shia Muslim Differences: Shia and Sunni Muslims share much of the fundamental beliefs and practices of religion, they differ on doctrine, law, ritual, and religious organizations. And it is a common practice among Muslims. Hussein was decapitated and his head carried in tribute to the Sunni caliph in Damascus. They have a population of 200 million across the world, and they make up 15% of the Global Muslim population. Others considered Muhammads kin the rightful successors. Shia Muslims believe that the successor must be someone from the family of the prophet Muhammad. Sat. Of these, around 85% are Sunni and 15% are Shia. For example, there are festivals which Sunnis and Shias do not. Update: This blog post has been amended to remove the news peg. Shia Muslims make up a majority or significant population of countries like Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria. Here is a list of differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims: There are more Sunni Muslims than Shia Muslims; Sunni Muslims are estimated to make up around 85% of the Muslim community, whilst Shia Muslims only make up around 15%. They believed that the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, and the fourth caliph of the Islamic empire, Ali deserved to be the successor and Islamic political leader. Accessed June 03, 2023. https://www.diffzy.com/article/difference-between-shia-and-sunni. They have a hierarchical religious structure with religious leaders known as Ayatollahs. Then the actions might differ also, as in the case of Shia Muslims, who can combine their prayers. Sufi can be both Sunni as well as Shia. But some people get politics out of religion who are very much aware of this fact and use this concept for their gain. And they form a significant population of Muslims in Iraq, Iran, Bahrain, Lebanon, and Yemen. Sunni means the individual or a group who follows the path and tradition of the Prophet. Ali became the fourth caliph of Islam only after two successors of Abu Bakar were assassinated. And they form a significant population of Muslims in countries like Algeria, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Libya, Kuwait, Turkey, Sudan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Egypt. "That dynasty actually came out of what's now eastern Turkey," says Gause, the University of Vermont professor. The revolutions in the region have pitted Shia governments against Sunni Gulf states such as Saudi Arabia and Qatar, who have supported their co-religionists with cash. The division between the groups began after the death of Muhammad who did not make any provision for a successor. They can be found in more than 40 countries across the Middle East, Africa, and southern Asia, most notably in Saudi Arabia. And most of them believed it. Sunni is the largest denomination, whereas Sufi is a sub-division. Quran All Shia and Sunni Muslims accept the centrality of the Quran there is no truth to the accusations that Shia use a corrupted version of the text. "That is to say, who is the rightful successor to the prophet?". Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. Later on, these two groups came to be known as Shia and Sunni. In 1979, an Islamic revolution in Iran brought Shias into power, causing a ripple effect of Sunni backlash. Since the 1970s, and especially since the Iranian Revolution . The main difference between Sunni and Shiite Muslims is their belief surrounding who should have succeeded the Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD. Both Sunni and Shia Muslims live throughout the world. Differences between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims Within Islam, there are two main denominations, called Sunni and Shi'a. Abu Bakr was a close companion of Muhammad and the father of his second wife - and most Muslims accepted him being selected as the first legitimate Caliph. Although Islam is now considered a major world religion, the faith . If you talk about people then you would understand that there are differences in thoughts, so the moment, Prophet died. Difference between Shia and Sunni in tabular form, Differences between Shia and Sunni in points, https://www.diffzy.com/article/difference-between-shia-and-sunni. Prophet Abraham is believed to be the ancestor of many Prophets, including Prophet Moses (Musa), Prophet Jesus (Isa), and Prophet Muhammad. The profession of faith (Shahada)- Shia Muslims have three clauses of Shahada, which address fundamental Islamic beliefs, such as. So the maps below show the estimated distribution of the Sunni and Shia populations within a percentage range of the total population. In countries which have been governed by Sunnis, Shia tend to make up the poorest sections of society. Shia are also in the majority in Iraq and Bahrain. People from every corner of the world visit Mecca, Saudi Arabia for the hajj during the time of Ramadan (the holy month in the Islam Calendar). Sunni and Shia Muslims share many central beliefs, including a belief in the Oneness of Allah (tawhid), and that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) was the final Messenger of Allah, who received Divine revelations recorded in the Holy Quran. Further afield, tensions between Sunni and Shia communities are reported to be on the increase in diasporic communities in the West. The Safavid dynasty made it its political project to convert Iran into a Shia country.". They focus on the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Of these, around 85% are Sunni and 15% are Shia. Sunnis believe that caliphs were chosen by the prophet and are the rightful leaders of Islam after Prophet. Continue with Recommended Cookies, Edited by Diffzy | Updated on: May 28, 2023, We are a one-stop platform for finding differences and comparisons, We compare similar terms in both tabular forms as well as in points. Imamah also says that the Imam is not only the leader, but also a spiritual guide aware of divine knowledge. Diffzy.com, 2023. From the perspective of an outsider it would seem as a purely political issue, but to us it is a religious one, as we believe Imam Ali (AS) was appointed by Allah . "An innocent spiritual figure is in many ways martyred by a far more powerful, unjust force," Nasr says. hide caption. Scholars believe that notion is linked to the family of Muhammad itself and it is also mentioned in the Quran under verses 3.33 and 3.34. Their fierce opposition, as well as their long and complicated historical past, will be explained in this lesson. Anger in Belgium over verdict in student's hazing death, Beijing's comedy crackdown is hitting its music scene, Tracking the rise of Russias missile strikes on Kyiv, Why Indian politicians woo the diaspora in the US, 'There's no one way to be autistic' Video'There's no one way to be autistic', Five ways to stay as healthy as the Dutch. Turkey, Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia and Syria, Saudi Arabia both groups are but! 15 % of the Muslim community same religious book and the major Shia of... Four major recognised schools of law ( madhahib ) today: what is the difference between sunni and shia, Hanbali Maliki. Are also guided by four schools of legal thought, each of which strives to practical... Mohammads cousin and son-in-law, as well as Shia and Sunni share the fundamental beliefs and practices each which. 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