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[59] Homo sapiens arrived in Europe around 54,000 years ago, some 10,000 years earlier than previously thought. After the Second World War the map of Europe was redrawn at the Yalta Conference and divided into two blocs, the Western countries and the communist Eastern bloc, separated by what was later called by Winston Churchill an "Iron Curtain". [92] Charlemagne, a Frankish king of the Carolingian dynasty who had conquered most of Western Europe, was anointed "Holy Roman Emperor" by the Pope in 800. [252], The European Union, a political entity composed of 27 European states, comprises the largest single economic area in the world. As a continent, the economy of Europe is currently the largest on Earth and it is the richest region as measured by assets under management with over $32.7trillion compared to North America's $27.1trillion in 2008. In Russia and the Soviet Union, the boundary along the KumaManych Depression was the most commonly used as early as 1906. 2002. Christian Jennings "Flashpoint Trieste: The First Battle of the Cold War", (2017), pp 244. [254], As a whole, Europe's GDP per capita is US$21,767 according to a 2016 International Monetary Fund assessment.[255]. Sea creatures are also an important part of European flora and fauna. Summer is in the air, but cigarette smoke is not in Sweden's outdoor bars and restaurants. Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe from the 9th to the 12th centuries, with a population of approximately 400,000. [242] Languages in adjacent areas show significant overlaps (such as in English, for example). European ancestry predominates in North America and to a lesser degree in South America (particularly in Uruguay, Argentina, Chile and Brazil, while most of the other Latin American countries also have a considerable population of European origins). Germany re-expanded and took back the Saarland and Rhineland in 1935 and 1936. ", UN predicts huge migration to rich countries, "Europe: Population and Migration in 2005", "A pena do degredo nas Ordenaes do Reino - Jus.com.br | Jus Navigandi", "Ensaio sobre a imigrao portuguesa e os padres de miscigenao no Brasil", "The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America", "Work in progress: Indirect passage from Europe Transmigration via the UK, 18361914", Language facts European day of languages, "Regional Distribution of Christians: Christianity in Europe", "Global Christianity - A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population", "5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe", "Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country", "Europe's Jewish population has dropped 60% in last 50 years", "The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population", "Istanbul one of four anchor megacities of Europe: Research", "Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps", "Replacement Migration: Is it a solution for Russia? green: countries not geographically in Europe, but closely associated with the continent, The prevalent definition of Europe as a geographical term has been in use since the mid-19th century. You can also print out pages with a travel map. The closest European country to Africa is the United Kingdom, via Gibraltar. Sweden close to becoming Europe's first smoke-free country 02:10. [38] Since then, many modern analytical geographers like Halford Mackinder have declared that they see little validity in the Ural Mountains as a boundary between continents.[43]. Choose any country to find the distance, in kilometers or miles, from United States to any other country, or have a look at the table with distances to some of the most popular countries in Uses the general Jetpunk classification of Europe. More recently, the Eurasian Economic Union has been established as a counterpart comprising former Soviet states. [251] As with other continents, Europe has a large wealth gap among its countries. [176] In Britain, the Public Health Act of 1875 was passed, which significantly improved living conditions in many British cities. The closest countries to England in United Kingdom are listed below in order of increasing distance. Boston is the closet major city Previously, these territories were under the successive control of Pechenegs and Cumans. 214.1 km / 133 miles. The states which retained a free-market system were given a large amount of aid by the United States under the Marshall Plan. The answer depends on your definition of 5 What are the similarities between Norway and the UK? The wolf, the second largest predator in Europe after the brown bear, can be found primarily in Central and Eastern Europe and in the Balkans, with a handful of packs in pockets of Western Europe (Scandinavia, Spain, etc.). Such questions were affected by the positive connotations associated with the term Europe by its users. Virginia Aksan, Ottoman Wars, 17001860: An Empire Besieged, (Pearson Education Limited, 2007), 28. [28] It has a higher ratio of coast to landmass than any other continent or subcontinent. [152], The 17th century in Central and parts of Eastern Europe was a period of general decline;[153] the region experienced more than 150 famines in a 200-year period between 1501 and 1700. However Canada retained more characteristics of Britain than the United States since it became independent much later. Spain, for example, has territories south of the Mediterranean Seanamely, Ceuta and Melillawhich are parts of Africa and share a border with Morocco. However, this did not come without criticism. The distance calculator helps you figure out how The Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. states, countries, or zip codes to figure out the best route Berlin finally fell in 1945, ending the Second World War in Europe. [230] In 1967 the EEC, European Coal and Steel Community, and Euratom formed the European Community, which in 1993 became the European Union. Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, prompting France and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 3 September, opening the European Theatre of the Second World War. In temperate Europe, mixed forest with both broadleaf and coniferous trees dominate. [232] However, the United Kingdom withdrew from the EU on 31 January 2020, as a result of a June 2016 referendum on EU membership. Since the United Kingdom is part of the European continent, its shares maritime borders with other European nations such as France, Germany, Spain, Iceland, Portugal, Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and the Faroe Islands (a self-governing territory of Denmark). [73] The Greek city-state, the polis, was the fundamental political unit of classical Greece. Little Diomede Island, Alaska, USA is only 2.4 miles from Big Diomede Island, [282], Europe is home to the highest number of migrants of all global regions at nearly 87 million people in 2020, according to the International Organisation for Migration. [216], The First World War, and especially the Second World War, diminished the eminence of Western Europe in world affairs. ARIZONA: Reykjavk, Iceland Reykjavk, Iceland. [118][119] After the collapse of Mongol dominions, the first Romanian states (principalities) emerged in the 14th century: Moldavia and Walachia. [54], Homo erectus georgicus, which lived roughly 1.8 million years ago in Georgia, is the earliest hominin to have been discovered in Europe. [258] From Britain, it gradually spread throughout Europe. Belarus borders three Nato countries and has missiles that could reach several capitals. Book with miles. In the remote regions of north-western Iberia and the middle Pyrenees the power of the Muslims in the south was scarcely felt. How much does an income tax officer earn in India? The Treaty of Rome in 1957 established the European Economic Community between six Western European states with the goal of a unified economic policy and common market. Michael Frank: Paneuropisches Picknick Mit dem Picknickkorb in die Freiheit (German: Pan-European picnic - With the picnic basket to freedom), in: Sddeutsche Zeitung 17 May 2010. Sign in for more map features. The long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter interglacials which lasted about 10,00015,000 years. It shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Structural change in Europe's geo-economy." Economic growth, together with the lack of safety on the mainland trading routes, made possible the development of major commercial routes along the coast of the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. Whatever the reason, the 5% milestone is now within reach. Spain and Portugal, the greatest naval powers of the time, took the lead in exploring the world. [33] The Book of Jubilees described the continents as the lands given by Noah to his three sons; Europe was defined as stretching from the Pillars of Hercules at the Strait of Gibraltar, separating it from Northwest Africa, to the Don, separating it from Asia.[34]. Guernsey. France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain are also transcontinental (or more properly, intercontinental, when oceans or large seas are involved) in that their main land areas are in Europe while pockets of their territories are located on other continents separated from Europe by large bodies of water. Sweden, which has the lowest rate of smoking in Europe is now close to declaring itself [199][226][227][228], European integration also grew after the Second World War. Anaximander placed the boundary between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River (the modern Rioni River on the territory of Georgia) in the Caucasus, a convention still followed by Herodotus in the 5th century BCE. is the same one used by most GPS receivers. [49] However, most geographers in the Soviet Union favoured the boundary along the Caucasus crest,[50] and this became the common convention in the later 20th century, although the KumaManych boundary remained in use in some 20th-century maps. [2][3] This is slightly more than one ninth of the world's population. [136][137], Political intrigue within the Church in the mid-14th century caused the Western Schism. Countries Nearby. [73] By 200 BCE, Rome had conquered Italy and over the following two centuries it conquered Greece and Hispania (Spain and Portugal), the North African coast, much of the Middle East, Gaul (France and Belgium) and Britannia (England and Wales). The conditions for growth are very favourable. Europe is often described as "maximum cultural diversity with minimal geographical distances". Cartographer Herman Moll suggested in 1715 Europe was bounded by a series of partly-joined waterways directed towards the Turkish straits, and the Irtysh River draining into the upper part of the Ob River and the Arctic Ocean. The closest European country to the North Pole is Norway. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Compare the results to the [222][223][224] Germany was reunited, after the symbolic fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the maps of Central and Eastern Europe were redrawn once more. The emphasis placed on resurrecting the West German economy led to it overtaking the UK as Europe's largest economy. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 18th century, the traditional division of the landmass of Eurasia into two continents, Europe and Asia, followed Ptolemy, with the boundary following the Turkish Straits, the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait, the Sea of Azov and the Don (ancient Tanais). Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. [185] Over 60million European soldiers were mobilised from 1914 to 1918. At the time, the United Kingdom and France preferred a policy of appeasement. [67][69] The European Bronze Age began c. 3200 BCE in Greece with the Minoan civilisation on Crete, the first advanced civilisation in Europe. Aside from the general consensus that the Other carnivores include the European wildcat, red fox and arctic fox, the golden jackal, different species of martens, the European hedgehog, different species of reptiles (like snakes such as vipers and grass snakes) and amphibians, as well as different birds (owls, hawks and other birds of prey). Both world wars began and were fought to a great extent in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet Union and the United States took prominence. Around 1715, Herman Moll produced a map showing the northern part of the Ob River and the Irtysh River, a major tributary of the Ob, as components of a series of partly-joined waterways taking the boundary between Europe and Asia from the Turkish Straits, and the Don River all the way to the Arctic Ocean. This includes (ranks according to the CIA): Germany (6), Russia (7), the United Kingdom (10), France (11) and Italy (13). The last cold episode of the last glacial period ended about 10,000 years ago. [125] Europe was devastated in the mid-14th century by the Black Death, one of the most deadly pandemics in human history which killed an estimated 25million people in Europe alonea third of the European population at the time. The First World War was fought between 1914 and 1918. From around 50million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe and its connections with continents such as Asia. However, two more Spanish armadas failed to invade England (2nd Spanish Armada and 3rd Spanish Armada). In parallel, the Eastern Question grew more complex ever since the Ottoman defeat in the Russo-Turkish War (17681774). [288] But numbers remained relatively small until waves of mass emigration in the 19th century, when millions of poor families left Europe. [81][82] Christianity was legalised by Constantine I in 313 CE after three centuries of imperial persecution. None of them is located at high altitude; most of them are close to the sea. It does this by computing the straight line flying distance Easily one of the most European cities in the US, New Orleans is known for its rich French-Spanish heritage as well as its sweet southern charm. [303], "Europe" as a cultural concept is substantially derived from the shared heritage of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire and its cultures. [157] Further east, the Nogai Horde and Kazakh Khanate frequently raided the Slavic-speaking areas of contemporary Russia and Ukraine for hundreds of years, until the Russian expansion and conquest of most of northern Eurasia (i.e. [47] In 1958, the Soviet Geographical Society formally recommended that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay, on the Kara Sea, along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains, then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills, and then the Emba River; and KumaManych Depression,[48] thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe. [149] The Thirty Years War (16181648) crippled the Holy Roman Empire and devastated much of Germany, killing between 25 and 40 percent of its population. [298][299] In the 21st century, France has the largest Jewish population in Europe, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany and Russia.[300]. [116] Like many other parts of Eurasia, these territories were overrun by the Mongols. The opening of the Iron Curtain at the Pan-European Picnic then set in motion a peaceful chain reaction, at the end of which the Eastern bloc, the Warsaw Pact and other communist states collapsed, and the Cold War ended. [170] This balance would remain in place until the Revolutions of 1848, during which liberal uprisings affected all of Europe except for Russia and the UK. Can you drive a forklift if you have been banned from driving? Calculate distance between countries, closest distance between borders, and airplane flight time between them. List of search results. The term "continent" usually implies the physical geography of a large land mass completely or almost completely surrounded by water at its borders. Greece was followed by Rome, which left its mark on law, politics, language, engineering, architecture, government and many more key aspects in western civilisation. After the Second World War the economy of the UK was in a state of ruin,[261] and continued to suffer relative economic decline in the following decades. The climate is more oceanic in the west and less so in the east. [213][214][215] Several post-war expulsions in Central and Eastern Europe displaced a total of about 20million people. Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country divided entirely by water, while Russia and Kazakhstan are only partly divided by waterways. What are the closest countries to the US? As a direct contrast to the previous point, the road favors the Americans and that much is just a fact. Which online makeup shopping is best in India? Europe is a continent comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.It shares the continental [64] The Corded Ware cultural horizon flourished at the transition from the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic. Major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex and Barents Sea. Sort Recommended Henrik Rewes Citizen of Scandinavia (1971present) 3 y This is actually a very interesting question when you dig into it. The European Union has been the focus of economic integration on the continent since its foundation in 1993. [167][168][169] The Congress of Vienna, convened after Napoleon's downfall, established a new balance of power in Europe centred on the five "Great Powers": the UK, France, Prussia, Austria and Russia. Numbers based on official estimates taken from Wikipedia: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_population. [104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] Although it would recover Constantinople in 1261, Byzantium fell in 1453 when Constantinople was taken by the Ottoman Empire.[113][114][115]. [91] Eventually the Frankish tribes were united under ClovisI. In McKitterick, Rosamund. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 0. | Go To Top This number includes Siberia, (about 38 million people) but excludes European Turkey (about 12 million). It is notable how the average temperatures for the coldest month, as well as the annual average temperatures, drop from the west to the east. (2017), p 59; Jacob Franks "The Blu Banana - the True Heart of Europe" In: Big Think Edge, 31 December 2014; Zacharias Zacharakis: Chinas Anker in Europa in: Die Zeit 8. With the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1991, the post-socialist states underwent shock therapy measures to liberalise their economies and implement free market reforms. The population of Europe was about 742 million in 2023 according to UN estimates. Output in Europes largest economy dropped 0.3% in the first three months of the year, following a 0.5% contraction at the end of 2022, official data showed Thursday. The Country Similarity Index attempts to quantify how similar countries are to each other relative to other countries. Europe makes up the western fifth of the Eurasian landmass. Its $37.1 trillion in assets under management represented one-third of the world's wealth. Culturally, the British Isles are the most similar. The closest point in Europe to the United States is Achill Head, County Today, the brown bear lives primarily in the Balkan peninsula, Scandinavia and Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc. Instead, the concept of "Western civilization" emerged as a way of grouping together Europe and these colonies.[41]. The geographic border between Europe and Asia does not follow any state boundaries and now only follows a few bodies of water. The population of Europe is currently slowly decreasing, by about 0.2% per year,[275] because there are fewer births than deaths. This article is about the continent. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Southern Europe has a warm but mild climate. The European country with the smallest percentage of forested area is Iceland (1%), while the most forested country is Finland (77%).[245]. Menu . It started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by the Yugoslav nationalist[183] Gavrilo Princip. The geological history of Europe traces back to the formation of the Baltic Shield (Fennoscandia) and the Sarmatian craton, both around 2.25billion years ago, followed by the VolgoUralia shield, the three together leading to the East European craton ( Baltica) which became a part of the supercontinent Columbia. The area of European countries varies widely, over several orders of magnitude: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Economies were disrupted by the First World War, but by the beginning of the Second World War, they had recovered and were having to compete with the growing economic strength of the United States. [190] In 19321933, under Stalin's leadership, confiscations of grain by the Soviet authorities contributed to the second Soviet famine which caused millions of deaths;[191] surviving kulaks were persecuted and many sent to Gulags to do forced labour. Only 6.4% of Swedes older than 15 were daily smokers in 2019, the lowest in the EU and far below the average of The war was the largest and most destructive in human history, with 60million dead across the world. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Vladislav Culiomza/Reuters. In May 1940, Germany attacked France through the Low Countries. The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009, "One decisive action might have forced Philip II to the negotiating table and avoided fourteen years of continuing warfare. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union, a separate political entity that lies between a confederation and a federation. The Great Famine of 13151317 was the first crisis that would strike Europe in the late Middle Ages. 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Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers colonised at various times the Americas, almost all of Africa and Oceania, and the majority of Asia. Der 19. Some data refers to IMF staff estimates but some are actual figures for the year 2017, made on 12 April 2017. Some of these, such as the Alps and the Pyrenees, are oriented eastwest and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions based on sociopolitical and cultural differences. Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Cyprus are in Asia. [236] Its maritime borders consist of the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas to the south. For instance, Edinburgh is warmer than Belgrade during the coldest month of the year, although Belgrade is around 10 of latitude farther south. This is equivalent to 7967 kilometers or 4,302 nautical miles. Kennedy, Hugh (1995). Martin Litchfield West stated that "phonologically, the match between Europa's name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor",[26] while Beekes considers a connection to Semitic languages improbable. In 1867, the Austro-Hungarian empire was formed; 1871 saw the unifications of both Italy and Germany as nation-states from smaller principalities.[172]. [174] Reforms in social and economic spheres followed, including the first laws on child labour, the legalisation of trade unions,[175] and the abolition of slavery. Africa has no countries with European-derived majorities (or with the exception of Cape Verde and probably So Tom and Prncipe, depending on context), but there are significant minorities, such as the White South Africans in South Africa. to travel to your destination. Stalin was also responsible for the Great Purge of 193738 in which the NKVD executed 681,692 people;[192] millions of people were deported and exiled to remote areas of the Soviet Union. [80] Renaissance thinkers such as Petrarch would later refer to this as the "Dark Ages". Europe's present shape dates to the late Tertiary period about five million years ago.[242]. Emperor Justinian I presided over Constantinople's first golden age: he established a legal code that forms the basis of many modern legal systems, funded the construction of the Hagia Sophia and brought the Christian church under state control.[88]. Distance from Europe to United States. Michael Gehler "Der alte und der neue Kalte Krieg in Europa" In: Die Presse 19.11.2015. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by livestock at some point in time, and the cutting down of the preagricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems. What are the similarities between Norway and the UK? The adoption of a legally binding instrument to end plastic pollution is a key priority of the EUs Circular Economy Action Plan under the European Green Deal. This description is simplified. Once they were found in most parts of Europe. More reliance on local natural resources (fisheries, mining, etc) The UK is like New York and D.C.. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This helped them to enjoy rapidly improving economies, while those states in COMECON were struggling in a large part due to the cost of the Cold War. The database uses the latitude and longitude [130][131][132] The Renaissance spread across Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries: it saw the flowering of art, philosophy, music and the sciences, under the joint patronage of royalty, the nobility, the Roman Catholic Church and an emerging merchant class. Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler "Togliatti, Tito and the Shadow of Moscow 1944/451948: Post-War Territorial Disputes and the Communist World", In: Journal of European Integration History, (2/2014). The population of France was reduced by half. France capitulated in June 1940. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Figures released by Eurostat in 2009 confirmed that the Eurozone had gone into recession in 2008. [17] During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the West and the Warsaw Pact in the East, until the Revolutions of 1989, Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. The powerful West Slavic state of Great Moravia spread its territory all the way south to the Balkans, reaching its largest territorial extent under Svatopluk I and causing a series of armed conflicts with East Francia. [279] The war left more than 16million civilians and military dead. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The Atlantic: Can the US afford immigration? The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe. Europe lies mainly in the temperate climate zone of the northern hemisphere, where the prevailing wind direction is from the west. They are estimated to make up about 18.3% of Europe's population currently. Possibly 80 to 90 percent of Europe was once covered by forest. [138] In the 15th century, Europe started to extend itself beyond its geographic frontiers. This is in part because they are both originally British colonies. Kartvelian languages (Georgian, Mingrelian and Svan) are spoken primarily in Georgia. Thank you! According to the current convention, Georgia and Azerbaijan are transcontinental countries where waterways have been completely replaced by mountains as the divide between continents. During this forty-year period, two popesone in Avignon and one in Romeclaimed rulership over the Church. [264] The majority of Central and Eastern European states came under the control of the Soviet Union and thus were members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON).[265]. With a land border that stretches 7,593 miles, the United States borders Canada in the north A majority of EU countries have rejected a push by Europe's big telecoms operators to force Big Tech to help fund the rollout of 5G and broadband in the region, people familiar Nineteen EU countries share the euro as a common currency. [253], Some European countries are much richer than others. Economic instability, caused in part by debts incurred in the First World War and 'loans' to Germany played havoc in Europe in the late 1920s and 1930s. Summer is in the air, but cigarette smoke is not in Sweden's outdoor bars and restaurants. Feudalism developed in France in the Early Middle Ages, and soon spread throughout Europe. Contact Us Why is IVF not recommended for women over 42? [181][182], Two world wars and an economic depression dominated the first half of the 20th century. Guess which European country has the closest number of population to each state. During most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe. The smaller entities [90] Between 711 and 720, most of the lands of the Visigothic Kingdom of Iberia was brought under Muslim rulesave for small areas in the north-west (Asturias) and largely Basque regions in the Pyrenees. [189] Excess deaths in Russia over the course of the First World War and the Russian Civil War (including the postwar famine) amounted to a combined total of 18 million. Reset filters. In the north, the taiga is a mixed sprucepinebirch forest; further north within Russia and extreme northern Scandinavia, the taiga gives way to tundra as the Arctic is approached. This extended lowland is known as the Great European Plain and at its heart lies the North German Plain. [65][66], The modern native populations of Europe largely descend from three distinct lineages:[67] Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, descended from populations associated with the Paleolithic Epigravettian culture;[52] Neolithic Early European Farmers who migrated from Anatolia during the Neolithic Revolution 9,000 years ago;[68] and Yamnaya Steppe herders who expanded into Europe from the PonticCaspian steppe of Ukraine and southern Russia in the context of Indo-European migrations 5,000 years ago. Are European Americans similar to European Americans? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The United States and Western Europe established the NATO alliance and, later, the Soviet Union and Central Europe established the Warsaw Pact. Between 4500 and 3000 BCE, these central European neolithic cultures developed further to the west and the north, transmitting newly acquired skills in producing copper artifacts. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. straight line distance to determine whether it's better to As the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire seemed imminent, the Great Powers struggled to safeguard their strategic and commercial interests in the Ottoman domains. In contrast, the present eastern boundary of Europe partially adheres to the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, which is somewhat arbitrary and inconsistent compared to any clear-cut definition of the term "continent". [117] The invaders, who became known as Tatars, were mostly Turkic-speaking peoples under Mongol suzerainty. Here is a list of all US states. 110,496km, This page was last edited on 31 May 2023, at 15:46. Featured Featured Random Geography or Country Quiz Closest Countries to Canada Stats Can you name the closest countries to Canada? These Southeast Asian countries have especially little culture in common with the United States. Until 1990, the European Community was expanded from 6 founding members to 12. In 988, Vladimir the Great adopted Orthodox Christianity as the religion of state. "Europe", as used specifically in British English, may also refer to Continental Europe exclusively.[30]. London CNN Germany has slipped into recession as last years energy price shock takes its toll on consumer spending. [180] The industrial revolution also led to large population growth, and the share of the world population living in Europe reached a peak of slightly above 25% around the year 1913. [244] It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arctic Ocean. 27 European states are members of the politico-economic European Union, 26 of the border-free Schengen Area and 20 of the monetary union Eurozone. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Albania Armenia Angola Antarctica Argentina American Samoa Austria Australia Aruba Aland Islands Azerbaijan Bosnia and Herzegovina Barbados Bangladesh Belgium Burkina Faso Germanic languages are spoken in Western, Northern and Central Europe as well as in Gibraltar and Malta in Southern Europe. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural and social change in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. During the Dark Ages, the Western Roman Empire fell under the control of various tribes. The Gulf Stream not only carries warm water to Europe's coast but also warms up the prevailing westerly winds that blow across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean. Vladislav Culiomza/Reuters. [302] While Istanbul has the highest total city population, it lies partly in Asia. But in no country surveyed does more than a third see China as their countrys top ally. Inland water is included in area numbers. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In addition, there is new impetus from the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative across the Suez Canal towards Africa and Asia. The list below includes all internationally recognized sovereign countries falling even partially under any common geographical or political definitions of Europe. The water of the Mediterranean extends from the Sahara desert to the Alpine arc in its northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea near Trieste. This can be illustrated by the following table of average temperatures at locations roughly following the 64th, 60th, 55th, 50th, 45th and 40th latitudes. [263] France also staged a remarkable comeback enjoying rapid growth and modernisation; later on Spain, under the leadership of Franco, also recovered and the nation recorded huge unprecedented economic growth beginning in the 1960s in what is called the Spanish miracle. [31] Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three partsEurope, Asia, and Libya (Africa)with the Nile and the Phasis forming their boundariesthough he also states that some considered the River Don, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia. [262] Italy was also in a poor economic condition but regained a high level of growth by the 1950s. Every European country can be the correct answer more than once. [126], The plague had a devastating effect on Europe's social structure; it induced people to live for the moment as illustrated by Giovanni Boccaccio in The Decameron (1353). ("as the crow flies") and the driving distance if the route is drivable. In 1938, Austria became a part of Germany following the Anschluss. Or ask how far is it between cities [207][208], After the staggering Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, the German offensive in the Soviet Union turned into a continual fallback. Five European countries rank in the top ten of the world's largest national economies in GDP (PPP). The Germanic and Slav tribes established their domains over Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Spinei, Victor. The 1745 atlas published by the Russian Academy of Sciences has the boundary follow the Don beyond Kalach as far as Serafimovich before cutting north towards Arkhangelsk, while other 18th- to 19th-century mapmakers such as John Cary followed Strahlenberg's prescription. The woolly mammoth was extinct before the end of the Neolithic period. [20][21][22][23] Broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. Biodiversity is protected in Europe through the Council of Europe's Bern Convention, which has also been signed by the European Community as well as non-European states. [122][123] Medieval Britain was afflicted by 95 famines,[124] and France suffered the effects of 75 or more in the same period. Christianity became the sole official religion of the empire in 380 CE and in 391392 CE, the emperor Theodosius outlawed pagan religions. By the millennium change, the EU dominated the economy of Europe, comprising the five largest European economies of the time: Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Spain. Since the Age of Discovery, lead by Spain and Portugal, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around the world. From the 15th to 18th centuries, when the disintegrating khanates of the Golden Horde were conquered by Russia, Tatars from the Crimean Khanate frequently raided Eastern Slavic lands to capture slaves. [284] In 2021, 827,000 persons were given citizenship of an EU member state, a increase of about 14% compared with 2020. In June 1944, British and American forces invaded France in the D-Day landings, opening a new front against Germany. | View Desktop Site. [74] The Greek political ideals were rediscovered in the late 18th century by European philosophers and idealists. How do you change GREY to black and white? As a result, the Reconquista took the greater part of eight hundred years, in which period a long list of Alfonsos, Sanchos, Ordoos, Ramiros, Fernandos and Bermudos would be fighting their Christian rivals as much as the Muslim invaders. 0. [238] The Gulf Stream is nicknamed "Europe's central heating", because it makes Europe's climate warmer and wetter than it would otherwise be. Your trip begins in Europe. The global [20] An alternative view is that of Robert Beekes, who has argued in favour of a Pre-Indo-European origin for the name, explaining that a derivation from eurus would yield a different toponym than Europa. [56] Neanderthal man (named after the Neandertal valley in Germany) appeared in Europe 150,000 years ago (115,000 years ago it is found already in the territory of present-day Poland[57]) and disappeared from the fossil record about 40,000 years ago,[58] with their final refuge being the Iberian Peninsula. Later that year, following the Munich Agreement signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy, Germany annexed the Sudetenland, which was a part of Czechoslovakia inhabited by ethnic Germans, and in early 1939, the remainder of Czechoslovakia was split into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, controlled by Germany and the Slovak Republic. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits.[14]. From the 7th century onwards, as the Byzantines and neighbouring Sasanid Persians were severely weakened due to the protracted, centuries-lasting and frequent ByzantineSasanian wars, the Muslim Arabs began to make inroads into historically Roman territory, taking the Levant and North Africa and making inroads into Asia Minor. [80] The empire continued to expand under emperors such as Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius, who spent time on the Empire's northern border fighting Germanic, Pictish and Scottish tribes. As a continent, Europe's total geographical area is about 10.18 million square kilometres. [301], When considering the commuter belts or metropolitan areas, within Europe (for which comparable data is available) Moscow covers the largest population, followed in order by Istanbul, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan, Ruhr Area, Saint Petersburg, Rhein-Sd, Barcelona and Berlin. Neighbouring countries are: Canada, The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian Mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. [178] The last major famine recorded in Western Europe, the Great Famine of Ireland, caused death and mass emigration of millions of Irish people. The total figures for area and population include only European portions of transcontinental countries. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. To the south, the KumaManych Depression was identified circa 1773 by a German naturalist, Peter Simon Pallas, as a valley that once connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea,[44][45] and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents. Fast Typing 1 to This, and the Wall Street Crash of 1929, brought about the worldwide Great Depression. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. algorithm and the WGS84 ellipsoid model of the Earth, which [272] The EU-27 unemployment rate was 10.3% in 2012. Not included are the three countries of the United Kingdom with devolved powers and the two Autonomous Regions of Portugal, which despite having a unique degree of autonomy, are not largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. The EU established a parliament, court and central bank, and introduced the euro as a unified currency. United Kingdom and France preferred a policy of appeasement fell under the control various... Renaissance thinkers such as in English, for example ) and white overlaps ( which european country is closest to usa as in,... 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